The first level is the concrete historical event as described by majke. The second level is the historical context of the painting itself. It was created when

The first level is the concrete historical event as described by majke. The second level is the historical context of the painting itself. It was created when Poland did not exist anymore, so you can think of it as a precognition cast into the past. The wise jester is (rightly) worried about the future, as opposed to the gentry visible in the background. The third level is universal. Humor is not always about the lulz - it might point your attention to something serious and sad. I think that "sad jester" should actually be an archetype but I haven't seen it catalogued as such.