3x to 4x depending on col. Grad student stipends are only 30k, sometimes lower ML isn't much higher paid than standard engineering, but new PhDs from top schoo

3x to 4x depending on col. Grad student stipends are only 30k, sometimes lower ML isn't much higher paid than standard engineering, but new PhDs from top schools who would've been competitive faculty applicants tend to get jobs at top paying firms and enter toward the top of the non-executive ranks.