> those aren't what most people would call subsidies, they're costs Says who? There are plenty of people who term untaxed externalities as 'implicit subsidies'

> those aren't what most people would call subsidies, they're costs Says who? There are plenty of people who term untaxed externalities as 'implicit subsidies', it isn't just this paper. Wikipedia lists "environmental externalities" under its "Types of subsidides". So while I think there is clarity added by saying "Note that this paper includes 'implicit subsidies' such as...", there is very little value gained by telling people they cannot use the term "subsidy" when talking about this issue.