Expanding slightly, Elm (as well as others in this family), can create structures that assert certain rules. In the case of a list being empty, you can also use

Expanding slightly, Elm (as well as others in this family), can create structures that assert certain rules. In the case of a list being empty, you can also use ADTs to create nonempty version ala `type NonemptyList a = NonemptyList a (List a)` where it's impossible to construct without that first element even if the second list is empty. A lot of languages lack this sort of feature. Then you can go about your code knowing you neither have to handle empty nor write a bunch of tests because empty construction is impossible and this is enforced by the compiler.