> But conversion losses will probably always limit those systems to 25-35% efficiency at best Maybe I'm misunderstanding, but the "alternative" energy storage

> But conversion losses will probably always limit those systems to 25-35% efficiency at best Maybe I'm misunderstanding, but the "alternative" energy storage systems you mentioned have about 80% or more round-trip energy efficiency: https://www.eesi.org/papers/view/energy-storage-2019#2 https://www.eesi.org/papers/view/energy-storage-2019#2 I quoted alternative because pumped-storage hydro accounts for 95% of grid energy storage in the world.