TL;DR: vlookup: (value to lookup, column to search, numbered column from the left, yes/no use range) xlookup: (value to lookup, array to search, value to retu

TL;DR: vlookup: (value to lookup, column to search, numbered column from the left, yes/no use range) xlookup: (value to lookup, array to search, value to return array) You can also replace hlookup with xlookup. Two optional arguments are 4) exact match or not and 5) go up or down or use binary search. I guess binary search would require a sorted array and improve speed? xlookup seems obviously better in retrospect. I wonder if they had any reason not to implement it earlier.