I would recommend brilliant.org. From first-hand experience, this might be exactly what you are looking for: start from the basics and grow into complex matters

I would recommend brilliant.org. From first-hand experience, this might be exactly what you are looking for: start from the basics and grow into complex matters, by solving one short problem at a time. I think this is relevant with regards to your perceived lack of intuition: they have a way of making you discover the solution to complex problems by introducing complexity through a succession of simple problems, in a very piecemeal manner.