Public transit has an incredibly strong pressure to monopolize. For rail-based systems like trams, it's just topologically impossible to have two competing syst

Public transit has an incredibly strong pressure to monopolize. For rail-based systems like trams, it's just topologically impossible to have two competing systems with decent coverage in the same city. And even for busses, having two competing tariffs is so confusing that public pressure will force both competitors to offer a shared tariff system, at which point they're not really competing anymore.