Sure, it could be possible that unusual forms of thinking systems could form given much longer timespans. However, there are probably many other factors beside

Sure, it could be possible that unusual forms of thinking systems could form given much longer timespans. However, there are probably many other factors besides simply besides the number of "clock cycles" that constrain the circumstances under which such systems can form. For example: the computational and communicative capabilities of each node in the system. I can't imagine any "node" analogous to the human neuron that could form a thinking system spanning large regions of space. For example, stars don't seem to have any complex information processing or messaging capabilities.