Index funds will do exactly as well as the aggregate of the individual stocks that they track (whether equities, bonds, treasuries, real estate, metals or somet

Index funds will do exactly as well as the aggregate of the individual stocks that they track (whether equities, bonds, treasuries, real estate, metals or something else.) The selling point is that investing (as opposed to trading) is a long-term method of increasing wealth. And, historically over any reasonably long period of time, broad index funds grow (between dividends and selling price) more than inflation, and do so without requiring the individual investor to "bet right" on individual companies, or to time when they buy and sell. Of course, some people panic when index funds see massive drops (which are often much worse than 20%) and sell when the price is much lower. They lock in the losses thinking they can perfectly time the "low point" and buy back in at just the right moment. (A few are right. Most are not!) Investing does include personal tolerances for risk, an ability to be patient, etc so you have to figure that out for yourself. But the most successful investment plans are a combination of diversification and sticking to your plan through the bad times as well as the good. You shouldn't be reacting to the market (as a long-term investor.) You should have a solid plan in place. If you have a firm asset allocation of 80% stocks and 20% bonds with a line item in your investment policy statement that says "Re-balance when there is 5% or greater drift" then you wait until you cross that drift threshold, sell and buy what you need to get back to your target asset allocation, and you go on with your daily life.