It’s the government that often prevents market forces from taking advantage of such opportunities. Most regions limit how many competing providers may operate

It’s the government that often prevents market forces from taking advantage of such opportunities. Most regions limit how many competing providers may operate in the same area, requiring that they possess a license - of which legislation allows only a few or even just one to exist. Vested interests, of course, won’t want to make serious investments in new infrastructure until they absolutely have to. Especially if they’re still making payments on their debt for building the current architecture.