Can, and has. [^1] These are the documented instances, but it can be difficult to determine when such systems are being used in the first place: Muckrock and

Can, and has. [^1] These are the documented instances, but it can be difficult to determine when such systems are being used in the first place: Muckrock and Rutgers have been asking governing bodies (via FOIA) whether they're using automated decision-making systems and, if so, how. Many reject their request. [^2] The practice of "parallel construction" could further conceal their use. [1]: https://www.newscientist.com/article/2166207-discriminating-algorithms-5-times-ai-showed-prejudice/ https://www.newscientist.com/article/2166207-discriminating-... [2]: https://www.muckrock.com/foi/list/?projects=84 https://www.muckrock.com/foi/list/?projects=84