That's the same study I was referring to, though. They didn't provide the impact of any individual control variable, just an aggregate of about eight different

That's the same study I was referring to, though. They didn't provide the impact of any individual control variable, just an aggregate of about eight different factors that are both social and biological. Also, they didn't show that their control corresponds to marshmallow wait time specifically, but instead that it's at least as good a predictor of academic outcomes. (Which means the control and wait time must be broadly correlated, but not necessarily that their 'errors' are aligned.) What I'm hoping for is something that specifically breaks out the relationship of family income to "marshmallow score", even without a long-term followup. I certainly believe that they correlate, but I'd like to see how strongly, and how it varies across what range of incomes. Even among people who agree that wealth drives marshmallow patience, explanations range from "wealthier families can consistently fulfill long-term commitments" to "food insecurity makes kids take food now". An obvious way to differentiate those theories is to see whether a wealth/time correlation remains strong past the point of food insecurity. (Since the original study was limited to relatively wealthy families, I expect it does.) I agree that behavioral economists wouldn't be surprised by this result, but I'm not sure they're sold on "it's just wealth", either. While news stories are calling this a failed replication, I'm seeing economists argue that this was a successful replication of the test's predictive power, and only indicts some specific casual theories proposed to explain it. In particular, several of the control variables in the replication are measures of child academic performance, so without an individual-factor breakdown, there's a risk that this is effectively controlling for the variable being tested. I think the "patience makes you successful in life" narratives are laughably wrong, but I wish we had some clearer data on what the actual correlations are.