"Keys Under Doormats" should be required reading on the issue of exceptional access. https://www.schneier.com/academic/paperfiles/paper-keys-under-doormats-CSAI

"Keys Under Doormats" should be required reading on the issue of exceptional access. https://www.schneier.com/academic/paperfiles/paper-keys-under-doormats-CSAIL.pdf https://www.schneier.com/academic/paperfiles/paper-keys-unde... tl;dr Governments are vague about what they actually require in terms of exceptional access. And few ever discuss how to mitigate the inevitable multi-jurisdiction conflicts, like if China compels Apple to unlock phones belonging to US-friendly intelligence assets.