This sort of thing, at least in theory, is why we have human judges who can consider circumstances and context. A "framework", here, would probably include fac

This sort of thing, at least in theory, is why we have human judges who can consider circumstances and context. A "framework", here, would probably include factors like "are we friendly with the country in question and can we get their law enforcement to monitor the defendant", the nature and severity of the crime, "does the defendant have the resources to 'disappear' in their home country", etc, etc. Besides the first question, it's pretty much already what's considered when deciding whether to grant bail. (Note- I'm not sure the idea of releasing a defendant to another country is a good one, but it's not like the courts wouldn't be able to tell the difference between an agent of a foreign country working in an espionage capacity and Marcus Hutchins.)