Good point! 1. I will admit that there are exceptions :) 2. Clearly, I should have written "industry" instead of "companies". Barring any error in my memory

Good point! 1. I will admit that there are exceptions :) 2. Clearly, I should have written "industry" instead of "companies". Barring any error in my memory Bell Labs was a pure research lab at the time, wasn't it, i.e. not an industry research branch, right?