>this leaves open the question of how noxious stimuli (thanks) lead to avoidance behaviours, if they are not unpleasant. It triggers networks that are designed

>this leaves open the question of how noxious stimuli (thanks) lead to avoidance behaviours, if they are not unpleasant. It triggers networks that are designed to cause avoidance behaviors, for example the withdraw reflex[1]. Reflex networks do not require any conscious experience of the stimuli that triggers the specific action. >why most animals but not insects? What is different about insects? The size of the set of possible unique behaviors, complexity of brain, existence of higher order brain processes. [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Withdrawal_reflex https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Withdrawal_reflex