The successor of LWR/HWR should be a fluid-fuel reactor. Once we setup a pebble/advanced fuel making factory, closing it will takes decades (because people may

The successor of LWR/HWR should be a fluid-fuel reactor. Once we setup a pebble/advanced fuel making factory, closing it will takes decades (because people may lose jobs) and the new solid-fuel factory will again pause nuclear innovation for another 100 years. The only way to continuously improve nuclear reactors is to go fluid-fuel. No engineered fuel, so no job loses. Reactor innovation is independent of fuel factory. Nuclear fuel becomes a commodity instead of engineered speciality. Example: MSRE ran U235 and U233 without any modification. Secondly, solid fuel reactors throw away fuel along with heat exchange surfaces (clad). Fuel also undergoes crystal structure degradation along with other solid structures. Maybe there is enough fuel in the seawater, but there may not be enough places suitable for geological repositories. Solid-fuel reactors always need excess reactivity reserve. Always needs control rods, and if someone (or a bad actor) pulls all the control rods, reactor gets supercritical. Needs highly skilled people and needs security. For emergency shutdown of solid-fuel reactor, poison is added to coolant, not fuel. In an emergency, poison is added to the liquid-fuel, permanently destroying the fuel. Emergency can be anything, from a natural disaster to terrorist attack. Fluid-fuel reactors offer unbeatable safety features against anything.