It varies. Some paper downloads are watermarked with individual IP addresses and the connecting institution. It's not solely IP based because services like Shib

It varies. Some paper downloads are watermarked with individual IP addresses and the connecting institution. It's not solely IP based because services like Shibboleth or OpenAthens let you log in to your institutional account and download from wherever. In that latter case, you're exposing your personal IP to the publisher and your university who validate your login, which is probably logged. For example, you can also connect to sites via eduroam globally, but your access (I think) depends on the specific location that you're piggybacking. Sometimes you can download stuff, other times you still need to login to your home institution.