Airlines are already included in the EU cap and trade scheme. That's effectively a fuel surcharge for CO2. (When that happened, the US disliked it so much that

Airlines are already included in the EU cap and trade scheme. That's effectively a fuel surcharge for CO2. (When that happened, the US disliked it so much that they passed the "European Union Emissions Trading Scheme Prohibition Act" to prohibit US carriers from complying. And China threatened to cancel airbus orders. As a result, flights that go outside of the European Economic Area are not covered by the scheme.)