Evolution does not typically work at those timescales (100-200 generations) unless there is extreme pressure—and even if it did, your argument still would not a

Evolution does not typically work at those timescales (100-200 generations) unless there is extreme pressure—and even if it did, your argument still would not apply unless you believe that success in moneylending and other professions were strongly influenced by genetics. There is no evidence for that position and there is only limited evidence that IQ and other measures of general intelligence are genetic (socioeconomic background tend to be much better indicators of this). I think the more likely explanation is cultural. Yes, Jews were forced into certain professions, but they have also historically emphasized (religious) education. As Jews in the Western world became more assimilated, the emphasis on religion decreased, but the emphasis on education did not. This familial emphasis on education is still felt today and has manifested itself as a propensity for Jews to enter highly skilled professions, such as law and medicine.