D. M. Giangreco agrees with this assessment. His book "Hell to Pay" examines many complex issues involved in the strategic and tactical planning of both the U.S

D. M. Giangreco agrees with this assessment. His book "Hell to Pay" examines many complex issues involved in the strategic and tactical planning of both the U.S. and Japan using documents from both sides, including postwar reports that the Japanese wrote for General MacArthur. The U.S. planned to use as many as nine A-bombs as tactical weapons in the invasion of Kyushu. He feels such an invasion would have been worse for both Americans and Japanese.