Sharding in this context is different from the sharding Vitalik is talking about. In their whitepaper, they're talking about splitting up the state storage so

Sharding in this context is different from the sharding Vitalik is talking about. In their whitepaper, they're talking about splitting up the state storage so that nodes don't need to retain the full state. However, Vitalik is talking about splitting up the computation so that all nodes don't need to verify every single transaction. ETH 2.0 (or Phore Synapse which I work on), splits the chain into many different "shards" which are basically lower-level blockchains. Then, validators get assigned various tasks to validate these subchains. (Verify these 50 blocks are valid). There are also mechanisms for ensuring that somebody stores blockchain history/state for a certain amount of time (proof-of-custody).