This is not really ML for what it's worth, it's gradient descent which is just basic optimisation, there is no training data or anything like that. re: using A

This is not really ML for what it's worth, it's gradient descent which is just basic optimisation, there is no training data or anything like that. re: using AI to learn to factor integers / find primes - probably not doable yet. There are neural networks that could model an algorithm that does it (memory networks, neural turing machine etc.). But any target algorithm would surely be too complicated for the neural net to converge towards it simply based on binary signals and gradient descent.