Physicist here. True physical experiments are almost by definition one-off machinery, being built and hacked on as the experiments are conducted. The idea is, t

Physicist here. True physical experiments are almost by definition one-off machinery, being built and hacked on as the experiments are conducted. The idea is, to measure something that hasn't been measured before. So basically there is no off-the shelf device for this. Designing an experiment means designing the machinery to conduct it. There are some standard components like oszilloscopes, at the core there is probably a custom machined part like a vacuum chamber, the rest is made out of duct tape, aluminium foil and hot glue :).