My use case is to use the pi like a portable desktop. I would be doing: - run debian with exwm - some programming in various languages - browse web (run wifi

My use case is to use the pi like a portable desktop. I would be doing: - run debian with exwm - some programming in various languages - browse web (run wifi) - occasionally play some non-resource heavy games I would be happy if I could use the system powered by the battery for four hours at a time. I have a ups for the pi 3B, but it often reboots when I plug the sytem in while running. I definitely want to avoid a UPS that has a defect that results in a system shutdown when transitioning between battery and power from an outlet. Thank you so much for your time writing this comprehensive answer. I think that options two or four are the correct ones for my use case. Thank you also for the links. I will do some more research to avoid buying an unreliable UPS. cheers!