Visa/Mastercard use a DMS or dual-message system that is basically a digitisation of the paper-based "click-clack" machines, possibly with a phone-based pre-aut

Visa/Mastercard use a DMS or dual-message system that is basically a digitisation of the paper-based "click-clack" machines, possibly with a phone-based pre-authorisation. The first message is the auth which comes online. This can only be accepted or declined. Once it has been accepted the value of the transaction is reserved against the credit limit but no movement of funds takes place. The issuing bank can remove the auth manually, but this just releases the credit, it has no impact on what happens next. The transactions are posted to the account in overnight batch, during which the card system will attempt to match the pending auths and remove them. Some transactions (such as recurrent ones) will have no matching auth. There is no opportunity at this stage to "reject" a transaction, the batch is applied or it isn't. The issuing bank will typically get or more batches per BIN. The dispute process at this point involves the issuing bank (Revolut) issuing a chargeback against the acquiring bank, which triggers a process during which each bank has certain timeframes to reject or accept the chargeback. So from this standpoint Revolut is basically following standard process.