>> Lying or hiding truth causes harm. > This is an assertion. What harm is this lie causing? Being lied to is arguably a harm itself, regardless of any concre

>> Lying or hiding truth causes harm. > This is an assertion. What harm is this lie causing? Being lied to is arguably a harm itself, regardless of any concrete damages that may arise. It's disrespecting a person's autonomy and ability to know the truth. This isn't some crazy new theory, if you haven't heard of it before, I'd suggest you read Kant. However, on a purely utilitarian and practical level, lying also causes concrete harm. Let's go back to the original example of grave robbers. If you knew that whatever valuables you buried with the departed would just be dug up again and stolen, you probably wouldn't bury them. Thus grave robbers are stealing from you pretty directly.