Vastly improved methodology and understanding of results. One of the issues of modernist research was that objective data was trash, but no one knew it. For ins

Vastly improved methodology and understanding of results. One of the issues of modernist research was that objective data was trash, but no one knew it. For instance, anthropologists would throw out / fail to collect artifacts that weren't usable with the analyses available at the time. You can't recover that from a table that says 50 bone shards were found in a pit. You can begin to recover that if the researcher flat out says they don't believe small bones are useful for the easily (an ideological position). Or, to use the example I gave earlier, if both a white male researcher and a female Afghani researcher studied menstruation in Kabul, they very well might get different results without any deficiencies in methodology by either. You can start to explain that if the researchers both flat out state their approaches and assumptions in interacting with their female subjects. Doing that requires us to understand that the researcher affects the results though, which is a fundamentally different view than standard empiricism.