Packer can be lower level but it can also do what Dockerfile do, see https://www.packer.io/docs/builders/docker.html https://www.packer.io/docs/builders/docker.

Packer can be lower level but it can also do what Dockerfile do, see https://www.packer.io/docs/builders/docker.html https://www.packer.io/docs/builders/docker.html for the Docker support in Packer.