> doesn't even apply to chips that don't do speculation in hardware This is an interesting way to put it. I would have said "applies to pretty much every CPU m

> doesn't even apply to chips that don't do speculation in hardware This is an interesting way to put it. I would have said "applies to pretty much every CPU manufactured in the last decades." Your statement would make sense if speculation in hardware was some niche thing, but I think you would be hard-pressed to find an invulnerable CPU that is used in situations where people care about both performance and security. That's great for the mill, but isn't relevant to the world outside of mill computing.