Thanks. I think I now understand what your point was/is. > The grapheme is the smallest semantic unit of human-readable text. Fwiw, quoting wikipedia: "An ind

Thanks. I think I now understand what your point was/is. > The grapheme is the smallest semantic unit of human-readable text. Fwiw, quoting wikipedia: "An individual grapheme may or may not carry meaning". > Any code that parses any kind of machine-readable format does not want to use grapheme clusters. I agree that formats defined in terms of codepoints need to be tokenized and parsed in terms of codepoints. And one wouldn't expect there to be (m)any formats defined in terms of GCs as the fundamental token unit, partly because of the problem of defining and implementing suitable behavior for dealing with accidentally or maliciously misplaced combining characters.