The problems described here are called 'release engineering.' Dockerfiles don't solve release engineering, they provide an abstraction for building a release c

The problems described here are called 'release engineering.' Dockerfiles don't solve release engineering, they provide an abstraction for building a release candidate, putting it through a pipeline, and then tagging a successful build as your release. In other words, the end-container is the immutable object that should be deployed, not the Dockerfile. If you are building the container in each stage of your CI/CD pipeline, you are doing it wrong.