Today, there are at least two fields that address just these issues: the field of computational complexity investigates just how many operations are required de

Today, there are at least two fields that address just these issues: the field of computational complexity investigates just how many operations are required depending on the problem. I'm not too familiar, but I think control theory addresses the issue that requires accounting for the possibility for error. Ad for the other field, when von Neumann mentions analytical tools, he is actually thinking of topological tools. To that end, Type theory investigates formal logic with much inspiration from topological tools.