3 ms·
Lower atomic mass gives better Isp for chemical rockets, for which the exhaust velocity is proportional to the temperature of the exhaust divided by the square
by skykooler 7y ago
Lower atomic mass gives better Isp for chemical rockets, for which the exhaust velocity is proportional to the temperature of the exhaust divided by the square root of the atomic mass of the exhaust product. However, these satellites are using ion propulsion. In ion engines, the exhaust velocity is constant, so a higher atomic mass allows each atom / molecule to carry more energy. This makes higher mass fuels like Xenon better for ion engines. (Radon would be better still but the radioactivity poses problems for various systems.)
- mikeash 7y agoWhy is the exhaust velocity constant? I would naively expect the engine to impart roughy equal energy into each atom, so that lighter atoms would be faster. But I know little of the specifics of ion engines.
- Tuna-Fish 7y agoThrust power = Isp * thrust. For the same amount of input power, increasing molecular size raises thrust and reduces Isp.