Late binding to me means late binding of the implementation, not the interface/protocol. So the discussion above about static vs dynamic languages is orthogonal

Late binding to me means late binding of the implementation, not the interface/protocol. So the discussion above about static vs dynamic languages is orthogonal. You can do it in either. In the example at the end of the article the protocol is that you give the shopper object a budget and a list of things to buy. But you could replace the implementation (late-bound) for one that does machine learning to optimise the result for cost or quality without changing the interface.