In terms of actual student performance (as opposed to grades), I'd expect parents to be a major factor. They're going to build support networks-- running the f

In terms of actual student performance (as opposed to grades), I'd expect parents to be a major factor. They're going to build support networks-- running the fundraisers, supporting extracurriculars, keeping an eye on student performance and scandals. When we provide "options" -- charters, private schooling, even public magnets-- the parents who are motivated and concerned enough to build those networks tend to pounce on them. The "default" public school loses its champions and ends up producing worse outcomes for everyone whose parents aren't tuned in.