> Why should each app re-implement routing? The same was said of Internet Protocol. Why would you want to send packets over a public network with no guarantee

> Why should each app re-implement routing? The same was said of Internet Protocol. Why would you want to send packets over a public network with no guarantee of throughput? Well, it greatly increases the connectivity between hosts and it significantly reduces costs. However, it is less secure. Likewise, why would you want to send data via application-level multicasting? Again, it greatly increases connectivity between hosts, some of which may be behind firewalls. Furthermore, it greatly improves the efficiency of data distribution because the reduces the significance of the bandwidth of the initial host. At present, there is some duplication of effort. Some duplication is to avoid proprietary interests. Some duplication allows specific types of data to be handled. Finding and promoting a more general solution would be desirable.