It seems to me that there is a cultural problem that deep expertise is not valued, because it is difficult to understand and to get somebody "flexible" is easie

It seems to me that there is a cultural problem that deep expertise is not valued, because it is difficult to understand and to get somebody "flexible" is easier. I was just at a workshop about https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Design_thinking https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Design_thinking. The whole premise was that you don't actually need to hire an (expensive, inflexible) expert, who understands how something is done, but rather what you need to do is to "observe" an expert. But imagine what happens when everybody does that! Everybody gets rid of their experts, assuming that the client (who they are supposed to provide the service for) has the actual expertise. And they are assuming the same about their clients and so on. The end result is complete disregard for expertise. So expertise is a positive externality, in an economic sense. Nobody is incentivized to keep it more than neccessary. This leads to losses over time.