Xilinx's tool suite works quite nicely on Linux, and there are excellent "starter kit" FPGAs from some of their partners. I have nothing but good things to say

Xilinx's tool suite works quite nicely on Linux, and there are excellent "starter kit" FPGAs from some of their partners. I have nothing but good things to say about the Arty line of boards from Digilent (I own one or more of each of them). As you start to approach the higher end of things with larger designs, the boards from Xilinx begin to become your best option unless you've got connections. Note that for small-ish designs the Artix 200 has a reasonable amount of space, and you can simulate and implement for anything up to the Kintex UltraScale+ 5 (including things that don't actually fit in the 5, for simulation) using the same free-as-in-beer WebPack license.