Those are two drastically different artstyles. Neither of them really are engine shader stuff, just someone drawing good textures in Photoshop. Paper Mario is

Those are two drastically different artstyles. Neither of them really are engine shader stuff, just someone drawing good textures in Photoshop. Paper Mario is all hand-authored baked vertex colors and very simple textures. Artists spent a lot of time in Maya hand-tweaking each vertex individually, e.g. see my viewer here https://noclip.website/#ttyd/jin_00 https://noclip.website/#ttyd/jin_00 Borderlands has some basic engine technology with outlines -- running a basic Sobel on the depth buffer to find depth discontinuities and drawing lines there, but most interior lines are on the texture itself. Lighting is also modified with a ramp -- the "raw" incoming radiance from lighting is thrown into an artist-authored lookup table and tweaked before being thrown to the shader. Normal maps are seldom used.