Deterministic code would be running under a hard real-time kernel such as VxWorks or bare-metal and would be designed such that all timing has fixed upper-bound

Deterministic code would be running under a hard real-time kernel such as VxWorks or bare-metal and would be designed such that all timing has fixed upper-bounds. This involves reasoning about the scheduling of tasks to ensure that in worst-case situations, your timing requirements are still being met. All safety-critical systems would be deterministic, you simply would not get certified otherwise. Note: Theres much more to safety-critical application design, but basically, you have to be able to prove the behaviour of you code under all circumstances, which typically means no garbage-collection, dynamic-allocation, etc.