All software is a model of side-effects, but if you delegate the execution of your side-effects to a third party (usually the language's runtime or an applicati

All software is a model of side-effects, but if you delegate the execution of your side-effects to a third party (usually the language's runtime or an application framework) all of your code can be side-effect free. If neither of those things is available, you can at least isolate your side-effect peforming code to a small footprint.