SQL query is a string. (that's where you don't pass the user input, not even quoted/escaped, as a policy) User input is passed "out of band", meaning not as a p

SQL query is a string. (that's where you don't pass the user input, not even quoted/escaped, as a policy) User input is passed "out of band", meaning not as a part of the query string. How exactly that happens depends on the RDBMS's particular client/server interface. That's all that's enough to avoid SQL injections. And it has nothing to do with ORM.