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It's quite interesting seeing the polarization of people's opinions on type systems. I have friends who adamantly argue that static types slow them down and pre

It's quite interesting seeing the polarization of people's opinions on type systems. I have friends who adamantly argue that static types slow them down and prevent them from adapting quickly. On the flip side I have friends who claim they cannot write code without static types and that JavaScript is unusable. When really, both styles have their value. Static types are very useful and do provide some nice safety. However, static types can also be quite annoying and force you to acquiesce to the type system. You have to learn to "speak" types, which can be very tricky. There's a joy that comes with the freedom of no static types.

maxgiraldo 7y ago
IMHO Javascript is "unusable" because you can mutate state (among other things). Rich Hickey has a few other arguments against static typing and OO such as names dominating semantics and "types are an anti-pattern for program maintenance and extensibility because they introduce coupling. They’re also parochial." I think he said that in his talk called "Effective Programs": https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2V1FtfBDsLU https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2V1FtfBDsLU
- McWobbleston 7y ago
  As much as I liked Clojure when I dabbled for a few months it didn't really fix my dislike for dynamic languages, but I imagine core.typed / spec would fix that for me if I gave it another shot I loathed dynamic typing mostly because you had to jump around code to understand what the shape of anything was, and it distracted me from the problem I'm trying to solve In ML influenced languages types actively help me plan a solution, and rarely get in my way
kraftman 7y ago
> I have friends who claim they cannot write code without static types and that JavaScript is unusable. What are their reasons?
- DonaldPShimoda 7y ago
  Same problem with all dynamically-typed languages, really. It's too easy to write the wrong thing and not find out about it until you've written umpteen unit tests. This can happen due to typos, refactoring, or whatever else. Only JavaScript is worse because it's weakly typed too, so it performs implicit coercions in an effort to make your code always do something (meaning your unit tests have to be very good to really ensure your functions do what you think they do). A static type system ensures that, at the very least, all the types line up at compile-time. You find type errors much faster than with a dynamically typed language, and this can guide a much less exhausting development cycle.
- McWobbleston 7y ago
  Personally, I have a bad working memory and struggle to remember the structure of data. I constantly have to jump around and try to find the name of things / recall their hierarchy With static typing I can just highlight a type / jump to the definition or get intellisense. I also find it useful when I have specific names for data types because I can reason about things / communicate them easier To me taking the time to specify types or wrangle the type checker is worth the reduced mental burden of having to remember the shape of things, and refactor data structures confidently
  - bjourne 7y ago
    Dynamically typed languages are perhaps not as easy to program in as thought. You need a lot of practice in naming things to produce readable code. For example, in Java it doesn't matter if the count of items is stored in a variable named 'n' or 'f'. The type would still be int. In Python, 'f' would be a confusing name, but 'n' would be acceptable.
  - Adamantcheese 7y ago
    That's basically my reasoning as well. I want the IDE to tell me things so I don't have to look up documentation all the time, especially since most of the time I'm working on code I had no part in originally. It's a helpful learning tool more than anything else.
DonaldPShimoda 7y ago
> You have to learn to "speak" types, which can be very tricky. There's a joy that comes with the freedom of no static types. If you struggle with "speaking types" then that's an indication that you don't understand the domain of values your code works with. Having a solid plan for exactly what shape your data can take is empowering, not restrictive. To some extent, certain restrictions provide greater freedoms in the sense that you can make more accurate assumptions about your data without needing to perform a bunch of run-time checks or write hundreds of unit tests to ensure your code works in all possible situations.
- _hardwaregeek 7y ago
  > If you struggle with "speaking types" then that's an indication that you don't understand the domain of values your code works with. I'm not sure I agree. I've met intelligent programmers who can elucidate the domain of values which their code is utilizing, but simply cannot do so in the framework of a given type system. Or perhaps they just find it difficult or painful to conform their description to the grammar of the type system. Understanding the data domain and being able to describe it in a specific type system are different skills. Even if one is completely in favor of static types, it's important to be sympathetic to this point of view so that we can design better, more friendly type systems going forward.
  - DonaldPShimoda 7y ago
    You bring up some really good points! There are definitely some failings in static type systems that can cause programmers to struggle, regardless of how well they understand their domain of values. I guess I was thinking more of people I've talked to who advocate for dynamic type systems for rapid prototyping, because they don't want to be bothered to stop and think about their types first — they kind of just go with an approximate view of their data held in their head. I think this style of programming leads to a lack of understanding of the domain of values down the road, which is more what I meant to address. But I did not sufficiently explain this in my previous comment haha.
    - 7y ago

maxgiraldo 7y ago

IMHO Javascript is "unusable" because you can mutate state (among other things). Rich Hickey has a few other arguments against static typing and OO such as names dominating semantics and "types are an anti-pattern for program maintenance and extensibility because they introduce coupling. They’re also parochial." I think he said that in his talk called "Effective Programs": https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2V1FtfBDsLU https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2V1FtfBDsLU

McWobbleston 7y ago
As much as I liked Clojure when I dabbled for a few months it didn't really fix my dislike for dynamic languages, but I imagine core.typed / spec would fix that for me if I gave it another shot I loathed dynamic typing mostly because you had to jump around code to understand what the shape of anything was, and it distracted me from the problem I'm trying to solve In ML influenced languages types actively help me plan a solution, and rarely get in my way

kraftman 7y ago

> I have friends who claim they cannot write code without static types and that JavaScript is unusable. What are their reasons?

DonaldPShimoda 7y ago
Same problem with all dynamically-typed languages, really. It's too easy to write the wrong thing and not find out about it until you've written umpteen unit tests. This can happen due to typos, refactoring, or whatever else. Only JavaScript is worse because it's weakly typed too, so it performs implicit coercions in an effort to make your code always do something (meaning your unit tests have to be very good to really ensure your functions do what you think they do). A static type system ensures that, at the very least, all the types line up at compile-time. You find type errors much faster than with a dynamically typed language, and this can guide a much less exhausting development cycle.
McWobbleston 7y ago
Personally, I have a bad working memory and struggle to remember the structure of data. I constantly have to jump around and try to find the name of things / recall their hierarchy With static typing I can just highlight a type / jump to the definition or get intellisense. I also find it useful when I have specific names for data types because I can reason about things / communicate them easier To me taking the time to specify types or wrangle the type checker is worth the reduced mental burden of having to remember the shape of things, and refactor data structures confidently
- bjourne 7y ago
  Dynamically typed languages are perhaps not as easy to program in as thought. You need a lot of practice in naming things to produce readable code. For example, in Java it doesn't matter if the count of items is stored in a variable named 'n' or 'f'. The type would still be int. In Python, 'f' would be a confusing name, but 'n' would be acceptable.
- Adamantcheese 7y ago
  That's basically my reasoning as well. I want the IDE to tell me things so I don't have to look up documentation all the time, especially since most of the time I'm working on code I had no part in originally. It's a helpful learning tool more than anything else.

DonaldPShimoda 7y ago

> You have to learn to "speak" types, which can be very tricky. There's a joy that comes with the freedom of no static types. If you struggle with "speaking types" then that's an indication that you don't understand the domain of values your code works with. Having a solid plan for exactly what shape your data can take is empowering, not restrictive. To some extent, certain restrictions provide greater freedoms in the sense that you can make more accurate assumptions about your data without needing to perform a bunch of run-time checks or write hundreds of unit tests to ensure your code works in all possible situations.

_hardwaregeek 7y ago
> If you struggle with "speaking types" then that's an indication that you don't understand the domain of values your code works with. I'm not sure I agree. I've met intelligent programmers who can elucidate the domain of values which their code is utilizing, but simply cannot do so in the framework of a given type system. Or perhaps they just find it difficult or painful to conform their description to the grammar of the type system. Understanding the data domain and being able to describe it in a specific type system are different skills. Even if one is completely in favor of static types, it's important to be sympathetic to this point of view so that we can design better, more friendly type systems going forward.
- DonaldPShimoda 7y ago
  You bring up some really good points! There are definitely some failings in static type systems that can cause programmers to struggle, regardless of how well they understand their domain of values. I guess I was thinking more of people I've talked to who advocate for dynamic type systems for rapid prototyping, because they don't want to be bothered to stop and think about their types first — they kind of just go with an approximate view of their data held in their head. I think this style of programming leads to a lack of understanding of the domain of values down the road, which is more what I meant to address. But I did not sufficiently explain this in my previous comment haha.
  - 7y ago