I’d say all things being equal if you have the same person on two timelines and on both they over consume calories but on one they spike their insulin and the o

I’d say all things being equal if you have the same person on two timelines and on both they over consume calories but on one they spike their insulin and the other they don’t, the time line with the insulin spikes will carry more fat/dangerous adipose tissue. Insulin acts as a hormone and tells the body to store calories as fat and simultaneously enlarges cells throughout the body, especially fat cells, allowing the body to store more fat than otherwise. It’s probably very useful to measure what spikes ones insulin so the individual can avoid those foods. For example I know whey, a protein powder with zero carbs/sugars will spike my insulin (because it knocks me out of ketosis). Probably not a bad idea for a body builder who wants to replinish their muscle glycogen stores after a hard workout, but not going to be necessary and over long term even harmful to someone who isn’t depleting their muscle glucose/glycogen stores. In fact protein that can’t be used is generally converted into glucose which when not used is store in fat cells.