I don't know of any specific research. I've been to Jakarta and have friends who live in Indonesia, so my opinion is based largely on their impressions of the

I don't know of any specific research. I've been to Jakarta and have friends who live in Indonesia, so my opinion is based largely on their impressions of the political situation there, that it's a basically a geographical hierarchy: Jakarta is where the money and power are, Java is fairly modern and somewhat middle-class and is where the majority of the population live, and the other islands are mostly treated as primitive and as a source of natural resources to be exploited. I don't know if that's still true or if Indonesia has made progress in recent years in balancing out the political power.