>> What??? I find it unlikely that ANY paid "programmer" in ANY language would not have at least a decent grasp of most of those things in order to produce any

>> What??? I find it unlikely that ANY paid "programmer" in ANY language would not have at least a decent grasp of most of those things in order to produce any correct program at all. Such ignorance is commonplace. I have seen so much evidence of basic ignorance in so much code that I do not at all dispute what austincheney has said. The worst problems appear in an area that was omitted from the list; concurrency. Many, many "paid programmers" are oblivious to concurrency issues and produce races and deadlocks throughout their work. The thought that anyone might expect them to yield "thread safe" work prior to production deployment is absurd. As basic and simple minded as Java is, it is far beyond some large fraction of the paid programmers using it. If this offends you and you believe this is a world where such incompetence is not tolerated please understand you are, respectfully, very wrong. The people employing such "programmers" do not care, even when they are told and provided irrefutable evidence. They want cheap. They want to check a "done" box and if problems appear later they'll make more boxes. They simply don't care.