Because it is not a social science paper or a government policy (smoking causes cancer, so we should forbid advertising smoking to teenagers). You do not combat

Because it is not a social science paper or a government policy (smoking causes cancer, so we should forbid advertising smoking to teenagers). You do not combat shoplifting by knowing the causes of shoplifting (being unethical causes shoplifting, now what?). Nobody infringes on your rights, if a system pings you as suspicious and so a security guard is alerted and watches you more closely. There are no false positive consequences here: either they find that can of Red Bull on your person without a paid receipt, or they don't. You won't get banned from the store, because the system inadvertently deemed you suspicious. A whitebox statistical model still can provide the factors that contributed to its prediction, without resorting to causal inference. I do not think a certain race, gender, age, income causes shoplifting, but they sure are correlated, and effective at finding shoplifters or tax fraudsters. I deem the act of shoplifting more unethical than the act of watching you on a camera feed. This already happens anyway, these systems just manage attention better.