The challenge is that race and culture are often tied together. In 1920 New York the Irish and the Italians would have effectively treated each other as differe

The challenge is that race and culture are often tied together. In 1920 New York the Irish and the Italians would have effectively treated each other as different races. As culture homogenized, those ‘racial’ differences also faded away—now everyone is just European. It’s a challenge to maintain your culture within a dominant culture while not suffering socio-economically.